限定词的搭配关系及相互位置 - 六级语法

发布时间:2015/11/17 16:13    浏览次数:4221    来源:本站
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??定词是与名词密切相关的词类,包括冠词(an),the)、形容词性指示代词(thisthat thesethose)、形容词性物主代词(myyourouretc.)、形容词性不定代词(botheverymuchsome etc.)、数词(onetwoetcfirstsecondetc.;one-thirdthree-fifthsetc.)和特指形容词(nextonlyetc.)。限定词用于名词的前面,限定名词所指的范围,表示该名词是特指还是泛指,是定量还是不定量。限定词的使用并非随意,受着名词种类及形式的制约,与名词有着特定的搭配关系,在多个限定词连用时相互之间还有着相对固定的位置。

 

??一.限定词与名词的搭配关系

??名词有不可数名词、单数可数名词和复数可数名词之分,对限定词有不同的要求。根据这种搭配关系可将限定词划分为以下几类:

 

??1.只能限定单数可数名词的限定词

??下列限定词只能用以限定单数可数名词:anothereachneithereitherthe wholeeverya anone,例如:

 

??Neither road is very good

??I spent the whole morning in bed today

 

??2.只能限定复数可数名词的限定词

??下列限定词只能用以限定复数可数名词:both,(afewmanyseveralthese thosea couple ofa number of,例如:

??Both her parents are doctors

??She has few friends

 

??3.只能限定不可数名词的限定词

??下列限定词只能用以限定不可数名词:much,(alittlea bit ofa great deal of an amount of,例如:

??I have much pleasure in declaring this new factory open

??There's been a bit of trouble at the office

 

??4.既可限定不可数名词,又可限定单数可数名词和复数可数名词的限定词

??下列限定词既可限定不可数名词,又可限定单数可数名词和复数可数名词:all anyhalfmyyourouretc.),nothe rest ofthe samesomesuchwhatwhich whosetheetc.,例如:

??He waited for half an hour.(限定单数可数名词)

??He has read half the books.(限定复数可数名词)

??He has eaten half the bread.(限定不可数名词)

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??5.既可限定不可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词的限定词

??下列限定词既可限定不可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词:enoughmoremost plenty ofa quantity ofa lot oflots ofless,例如:

??Have we got enough food?(限定不可数名词)

??We have enough seats for everyone.(限定复数可数名词)

 

??6.既可限定单数可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词的限定词

??下列限定词既可限定单数可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词: nextlastthe otherfirstsecondetc.,例如:

??He was the last person to leave.(限定单数可数名词)

??We spent the last days of our holidays at home.(限定复数可数名词)

 

??7.既可限定不可数名词,又可限定单数可数名词的限定词

??下列限定词既可限定不可数名词,又可限定单数可数名词:thisthat。例如:

??Wait until you've heard this story.(限定单数可数名词)

??They should have arrived by this time.(限定不可数名词)

 

??二.限定词相互之间的位置

??限定词往往是两个或两个以上连用限定一个名词。这就涉及到它们相互之间的前后顺序。实际上,限定词的位置是有规律可循的。根据其位置的前后,限定词可分为三类:

??1.前位限定词(Predeterm iner):all bothhalfquitedoubletwicethree times etc,;one-thirdtwo-fifthsetc

 

??2.中位限定词(Central Determ iner):an),thethisthatthesethosemyyourour etc.;M ary'sthe old man'setc.;someanyno everyeacheitherneitherenoughmuch whateverwhicheverwhose

 

??3.后位限定词(Post determiner):one twothreeetc.;firstsecondetc.;manylittle fewseveralmorelesslastnextotheranothersuch

 

??在连用时,限定词将按它们的相对位置进行排列,例如:

??It's quite the best shop in the area.(前+中)

??Both the two boys failed the exam.(前+中+后)

??Any two students will do.(中+后)

??All such factors should be considered.(前+后)

??需要注意的是:

 

??1)两个后位限定词可以同时使用,但前位限定词和前位限定词,中位限定词和中位限定词不能同时使用。例如:

??我们可以说:I have read the first two chapters.(后+后)

??Three other girls joined in us in the discussion.(后+后)

??但是不可以说:*I haven't read my that book.(中+中)

??*We have finished all half the work.(前+前)

 

??2such只在“such a book”结构中为前位限定词,与其它限定词连用时则总是处于最后。例如:

??All such factors should be considered.(前+后)

??There was no such alloy at that time.(中+后)

??Few such books can be found in our school library.(后+后)

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