??定词是与名词密切相关的词类,包括冠词(a(n),the)、形容词性指示代词(this,that, these,those)、形容词性物主代词(my,your,our,etc.)、形容词性不定代词(both,every,much,some, etc.)、数词(one,two,etc;first,second,etc.;one-third,three-fifths,etc.)和特指形容词(next,only,etc.)。限定词用于名词的前面,限定名词所指的范围,表示该名词是特指还是泛指,是定量还是不定量。限定词的使用并非随意,受着名词种类及形式的制约,与名词有着特定的搭配关系,在多个限定词连用时相互之间还有着相对固定的位置。
??一.限定词与名词的搭配关系
??名词有不可数名词、单数可数名词和复数可数名词之分,对限定词有不同的要求。根据这种搭配关系可将限定词划分为以下几类:
??1.只能限定单数可数名词的限定词
??下列限定词只能用以限定单数可数名词:another,each,neither,either,the whole,every,a /an,one,例如:
??Neither road is very good.
??I spent the whole morning in bed today.
??2.只能限定复数可数名词的限定词
??下列限定词只能用以限定复数可数名词:both,(a)few,many,several,these, those,a couple of,a number of,例如:
??Both her parents are doctors.
??She has few friends.
??3.只能限定不可数名词的限定词
??下列限定词只能用以限定不可数名词:much,(a)little,a bit of,a great deal of, an amount of,例如:
??I have much pleasure in declaring this new factory open.
??There's been a bit of trouble at the office.
??4.既可限定不可数名词,又可限定单数可数名词和复数可数名词的限定词
??下列限定词既可限定不可数名词,又可限定单数可数名词和复数可数名词:all, any,half,my(your,our,etc.),no,the rest of,the same,some,such,what,which, whose,the,etc.,例如:
??He waited for half an hour.(限定单数可数名词)
??He has read half the books.(限定复数可数名词)
??He has eaten half the bread.(限定不可数名词)
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??5.既可限定不可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词的限定词
??下列限定词既可限定不可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词:enough,more,most, plenty of,a quantity of,a lot of,lots of,less,例如:
??Have we got enough food?(限定不可数名词)
??We have enough seats for everyone.(限定复数可数名词)
??6.既可限定单数可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词的限定词
??下列限定词既可限定单数可数名词,又可限定复数可数名词: next,last,the other,first,second,etc.,例如:
??He was the last person to leave.(限定单数可数名词)
??We spent the last days of our holidays at home.(限定复数可数名词)
??7.既可限定不可数名词,又可限定单数可数名词的限定词
??下列限定词既可限定不可数名词,又可限定单数可数名词:this,that。例如:
??Wait until you've heard this story.(限定单数可数名词)
??They should have arrived by this time.(限定不可数名词)
??二.限定词相互之间的位置
??限定词往往是两个或两个以上连用限定一个名词。这就涉及到它们相互之间的前后顺序。实际上,限定词的位置是有规律可循的。根据其位置的前后,限定词可分为三类:
??1.前位限定词(Predeterm iner):all, both,half,quite;double,twice,three times, etc,;one-third,two-fifths,etc.
??2.中位限定词(Central Determ iner):a(n),the;this,that,these,those;my,your,our, etc.;M ary's,the old man's,etc.;some,any,no, every,each,either,neither,enough,much; whatever,whichever,whose
??3.后位限定词(Post determiner):one, two,three,etc.;first,second,etc.;many,little, few,several,more,less;last,next,other,another,such
??在连用时,限定词将按它们的相对位置进行排列,例如:
??It's quite the best shop in the area.(前+中)
??Both the two boys failed the exam.(前+中+后)
??Any two students will do.(中+后)
??All such factors should be considered.(前+后)
??需要注意的是:
??1)两个后位限定词可以同时使用,但前位限定词和前位限定词,中位限定词和中位限定词不能同时使用。例如:
??我们可以说:I have read the first two chapters.(后+后)
??Three other girls joined in us in the discussion.(后+后)
??但是不可以说:*I haven't read my that book.(中+中)
??*We have finished all half the work.(前+前)
??2)such只在“such a book”结构中为前位限定词,与其它限定词连用时则总是处于最后。例如:
??All such factors should be considered.(前+后)
??There was no such alloy at that time.(中+后)
??Few such books can be found in our school library.(后+后)