支着:大学英语四六级考试应试指导 - 四级经验

发布时间:2015/11/16 08:50    浏览次数:1894    来源:本站
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??心理状况调整

??四六级考试每年都进行两次,这就使得很多考生没有考试的紧迫感,认为这一次考不过还可以下次再来。实际上,这种想法是错误的:因为一方面四六级考试的趋势是越来越难,所以越早通过越容易;另一方面形势的发展也使得我们有很多其它的任务需要完成,比如有些同学需要参加研究生入学考试(据中央电视台今年六月份的报道,今年七月份有三十八万名大学毕业生找不到工作)。而且据笔者的一份调查研究,英语基础固然在考试中起着重要作用,但临考前的准备也是决定是否能通过考试的重要因素。综上所述,既然报了名,就一定要争取一举过关。其次在考试前有一定程度的焦虑是正常的,而且也是应该的。如果焦虑过度,当然会影响复习效率;但如果毫不在意,也很难在考试中取得较好的成绩。在时间安排上,每天三小时是应该保证的;如果基础稍微差一些的话,就需要四小时甚至五小时。

??如何准备阅读部分

??阅读部分所占分值最大。在剩下的五十天左右时间内,我们需要对四六级阅读部分有一个较好的了解。而且也只有抓住了阅读部分,总分及格才能得到保证。具体来说,如果阅读理解在三十分以上,及格基本上不成问题;但如果在二十分以下,则总分很难及格。我们需要了解英语的文章和汉语文章的不同。英语的文章结构呈倒金字塔形。所以我们需要注意每一段的第一句话,他们往往是每一段的主题。见下文。

??Americans are proud of their variety and individuality yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States﹖

??Among the arguments for uniforms one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian(百姓的)?clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse a policeman a barber or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份)?than to step out of uniform﹖

??Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.

??Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it without change until retirement. When people look alike they tend to think speak and act similarly,on the job at least.

??Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long lasting often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

??本文结构如下图:

??Paragraph 1--提出主题,为什么制服在美国如此受欢迎;

??Para 2--指出制服的主要的优点,在大多数人眼中制服比便服看起来更专业一些;

??Para 3--指出制服的实际的优点,省钱,可减税,穿着更舒适耐用;

??Para 4--指出制服的主要的缺点,穿制服的人会感到失去了个性;

??Para 5--指出制服的实际的缺点,开始的费用更高,保养更贵,有些需要专业的干洗等。

??实际上,第二段和第三段讲的是制服的"advantages",而第四段和第五段讲的是制服的"disadvantages",把全文的大意找了出来,再做题就有了方向,变得容易多了。

??另外需要注意的是阅读理解部分的文章难度并没有明显的提高,但是题目的迷惑性却越来越强。一般来说,出题老师会以下列方式来设计"陷阱"。

??一、出题老师会给出一些和文章没有关系的选项,这样的错误选项一般容易排除。

??二、出题老师会给出一些与文章有一些关系,但是并不是完全一致的选项,这样的选项比较难以排除,需要我们仔细阅读文章。

??三、有一些错误选项的内容比原文的内容更多,也就是给出了原文并没有的内容。四、另外一些错误选项的范围比原文内容要些?五、有的错误选项和原文有一定关系,但是在原文基础上进行了主观引申。这样的选项具有很高的迷惑性,大家需要特别警惕。

??如何准备作文部分

??在四六级考试中作文的难度也有了较大的提高,不仅表现在字数要求上,而且也体现在作文的题目越来越灵活。在这种情况下,我们需要把传统的作文形式掌握得比较透彻,比如传统作文中的对比类型文章和问题解决型的文章;另外需要掌握新题型的一些固定的表达方式。这样用新题型的特定方式加上传统题型的展开方式,任何形式的作文都可以应付自如,得到高分。在准备作文的过程中,我们要特别注意以下几种形式:

??一、图表类型文章。这类文章主要包括统计图、统计表、漫画和照片等。在今年六月份考试中,考过统计图的形式,我们需要对各种图形有较好的把握,能够把他们转变成统计表的形式。另外漫画类的文章以前从来没有考过,但因为这类文章能够更加灵活地考查学生英语运用的能力,而且考试效度较高,所以是未来作文考试的必然趋势。如下面这幅漫画,我们可以这样加以展开(注意下划线的部分是我们在这类考试中可以借用的)。

??The Harmfulness of Smoking

??1. Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the cartoon?

??2. Give reasons why smoking is harmful and

??3. How we can solve the problem.

??As is shown in the cartoon when the man is enjoying the cigarette the smoke becomes a monster怪物?which will devour him. This picture tells us vividly that smoking is harmful to people.

??The harmfulness of smoking can be illustrated in three aspects. First smoking does harm to people's health. It is common knowledge that many deadly diseases derive from smoking. The best example is lung cancer. Second smoking costs a lot of money. It is estimated that tens of billions of yuan is spent on cigarettes every year in our country which is a huge waste. Last but not the least important smoking may cause fire. Do you still remember the big fire in Northeastern China which caused serious damages to people's lives and properties﹖

??Since smoking does so many harms every one of us should try to do something to put an end to the problem. The government should make stricter rules to prohibit smoking in public places and the smokers should give up smoking.

??二、应用文写作。这类文章主要包括信件、报告、演说词和备忘录等形式。在写作时需要注意下面四个原则:Clearness(明了) Conciseness(简洁) Correctness(正确) Courtesy(礼貌) 4Cs?。

??三.传统形式中的问题解决型和对比型文章也要加以特别练习。
??如何准备词汇部分

??词汇和语法是任何其它题型的基础,没有足够的词汇量和较好的语法知识,我们的听力、阅读、完形填空和作文等都不可能得到高分。在剩下的五十天左右时间内,我们需要对四六级词汇进行仔细的梳理。已经背住的单词放在一边,剩下没有记住的单词自己统计一下,并且制定一个计划,在这段时间之内把这些单词全部消灭。

??听力,完形,翻译和简答

??听力,完形,翻译和简答都有各自的规律和特点,我们需要找一本较好的参考书进行复习。由石油工业出版社出版的《大学英语四级考试闯关夺标》系列,所选的题目都经过了严格的检验,有很高的信度和效度,对于大家的备考必会起到积极的作用。

??在同学们的努力和老师的正确指导下,相信大家一定能在考试中取得理想的成绩。(康建刚四六级辅导名师)

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